An expressway is a divided highway A dual carriageway is a highway in which the two directions of traffic are separated by a central barrier or strip of land, known as a central reservation (median). It may also have limited access and grade separated junctions. This type of road is usually able to carry a great deal more traffic than normal single carriageways (undivided highways) for high-speed traffic with at least partial control of access A limited-access road is a highway to which access from adjacent properties is limited in some way; a limited access road (for example a freeway) may also have a divided highway, grade separated junctions and prohibit some modes of transport such as bicycles or horses; however others may be city streets where controls are placed on the number of. The degree of access allowed varies between countries A country is a geographical region considered to be the physical territory of a sovereign state, or to a smaller, or former, political division within a geographical region. Usually, but not always, a country coincides with a sovereign territory and is associated with a state, nation or government and even between regions within the same country. In some jurisdictions, expressways are divided arterial roads An arterial road is a moderate or high-capacity road which is immediately below a highway level of service. Much like a biological artery, an arterial road carries large volumes of traffic between areas in urban centres. They are noted for their lack of residential entrances directly onto the road ; they are designed to carry traffic between with limits on the frequency of driveways Driveways may be decorative in ways that public roads cannot, because of their lighter traffic and the willingness of owners to invest in their construction. Driveways are not resurfaced, snow blown or otherwise maintained by governments. They are generally designed to conform to the architecture of connected houses or other buildings and intersecting cross-streets. In other jurisdictions, access to expressways is limited only to grade-separated interchanges In the field of road transport, an interchange is a road junction that typically uses grade separation, and one or more ramps, to permit traffic on at least one highway to pass through the junction without directly crossing any other traffic stream. It differs from a standard intersection, at which roads cross at grade. Interchanges are almost, making them the full equivalent of freeways A freeway is a limited access divided highway with grade separated junctions and without traffic lights or stop signs. The term is used in the United States and parts of Canada, Australia, and South Africa. A freeway is roughly equivalent to a motorway in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

The term expressway or a local term that is consistently translated as expressway on road signs is currently used in Australia For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of the roughly 250 language groups. After sporadic visits by fishermen from the immediate north and discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by the British, Canada The land occupied by Canada was inhabited for millennia by various groups of Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French expeditions explored, and later settled, along the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three, China China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity, India India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the, Iran Iran (Persian: ایران [ʔiˈɾɒn] ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and formerly known as Persia, is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was widely known as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are, Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is, Kuwait The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab emirate situated in the northeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south and Iraq to the north and lies on the northwestern shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the Arabic "akwat", the plural of "kout", meaning fortress, Malaysia ^ b. The current terminology as per government policy is Bahasa Malaysia but legislation continues to refer to the official language as Bahasa Melayu (literally Malay language). English may continue to be used for some official purposes under the National Language Act 1967, New Zealand New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses , and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands. The indigenous Māori language name for New Zealand is Aotearoa, commonly translated as The Land of the Long White Cloud. The Realm of New Zealand also, Nigeria Nigeria , officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on, Pakistan Pakistan (Urdu pronunciation: [paːkɪsˈtaːn] ( listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia. It has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, and India in the, Philippines The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas), is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and, Qatar Qatar , also known as the State of Qatar or locally Dawlat Qaṭar, is an Arab country, known officially as an emirate, in the Middle East, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south; otherwise the Persian Gulf surrounds the state. A strait of the, Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, 137 kilometres north of the equator, in the Southeast Asian region of the Asian continent. It is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north, and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the Singapore Strait to its south. A, South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (Korean: 대한민국, pronounced [tɛːhanminɡuk̚] ( listen)), is a country in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by China to the west, Japan to the east, and North Korea to the north. Its capital is Seoul. South Korea lies in a temperate climate, Taiwan Taiwan, also known as Formosa , is an island situated in East Asia in the Western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China, and comprises most of the territory of the Republic of China (ROC) since the 1950s. The term "Taiwan" has also become a commonly used alternative name both domestically and, Thailand Thailand (pronounced /ˈtaɪlænd/ TYE-land or /ˈtaɪlənd/; Thai: ราชอาณาจักรไทย Ratcha Anachak Thai, IPA: [râːtɕʰa ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k tʰɑj]) (formerly Siam Thai: สยาม) is an independent country that lies in the heart of Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and the United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language (where the term originated).^{[citation needed]} Several countries, including Croatia Croatia (pronounced /kroʊˈeɪʃə/ , kroe-AY-shə; Croatian: Hrvatska pronounced [xř̩ʋaːtskaː]), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska listen (help·info)), is a country in Central Europe and Southeastern Europe at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain, the Balkans, and the Adriatic Sea. Its capital and largest and Poland Poland /ˈpəʊlənd/ (Polish: Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of, use the term as an official translation for a local highway type, but the English term expressway does not appear on road signs.

Contents 1 Australia 2 Canada 3 China 4 Europe 4.1 France 4.2 Germany 4.3 Poland 4.4 Russia 4.5 Spain 4.6 United Kingdom 5 India 6 Iran 7 Japan 8 United States 9 See also 10 References 11 External links

Australia

Main article: Highways in Australia

The term expressway is used primarily in the Australian state of South Australia South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country. It covers some of the most arid parts of the continent; with a total land area of 983,482 square kilometres , it is the fourth largest of Australia's six states and two territories, but also in New South Wales New South Wales , Australia's most populous state, is located in the south-east of the country, north of Victoria, south of Queensland, east of South Australia and encompasses the whole of the Australian Capital Territory. It was founded in 1788 and originally comprised much of the Australian mainland, as well as Van Diemen's Land, Lord Howe and Queensland Coordinates: 23°0′S 143°0′E / 23°S 143°E Queensland is a state of Australia that occupies the north-eastern section of the mainland continent. It is bordered by the Northern Territory to the west, South Australia to the south-west and New South Wales to the south. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean.

In South Australia, expressway is synonymous with freeway, and is used to mean limited-access divided-highways with no at-grade intersections (although at-grade intersections can be found at some locations). Most expressways have been constructed in the South Australia capital of Adelaide Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth-largest city in Australia. Adelaide has an estimated population of more than 1.28 million. A resident of Adelaide is known as an "Adelaidian".[citation needed] since the mid-1990s.

The only expressway in New South Wales is the Cahill Expressway The Cahill Expressway is the first true freeway constructed in Sydney, Australia. It starts from the Eastern Distributor and Cross City Tunnel in Woolloomooloo, and runs through a series of sunken cuttings and tunnels between the Royal Botanical Gardens and The Domain. It then runs on an elevated section across the northern edge of the Sydney CBD. It was completed in 1962, and today connects the Sydney Harbour Bridge The Sydney Harbour Bridge is a steel arch bridge across Sydney Harbour that carries rail, vehicular and pedestrian traffic between the Sydney central business district and the North Shore. The dramatic view of the bridge, the harbour, and the nearby Sydney Opera House is an iconic image of both Sydney and Australia. The bridge is locally nicknamed with the Eastern Distributor The Eastern Distributor is a 6-kilometre long motorway in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Part of Metroad 1, it links the Sydney central business district (CBD) with the Airport. The centre-piece is a 1.7 km (1.1 mi) tunnel running from Woolloomooloo to Surry Hills.

Queensland contains the Riverside Expressway. It was completed in 1975, being 2 km (1.2 mi) in length. It connects Pacific Motorway with Brisbane Brisbane is the capital and most populous city in the Australian state of Queensland and the third most populous city in Australia. Brisbane's metropolitan area has an approximate population of 2 million. A resident of Brisbane is commonly known as a "Brisbanite"'s city centre and northern suburbs.

Canada

The Veterans Memorial Parkway Veterans Memorial Parkway is a 9.2 km expressway located in London, Ontario. The highway was previously known as Highway 100 from 1977 until 1994. It was also known as Airport Road prior to September 2006. It is currently an at-grade, four-lane expressway in London, Ontario London is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada along the Quebec City – Windsor Corridor with a metropolitan area population of 457,720; the city proper had a population of 352,395 in the 2006 Canadian census. London is the seat of Middlesex County, at the forks of the non-navigable Thames River, approximately halfway between Toronto, Ontario is a modern at-grade expressway. Main article: Roads in Canada

In some parts of Canada, expressway is synonymous with freeway A freeway is a limited access divided highway with grade separated junctions and without traffic lights or stop signs. The term is used in the United States and parts of Canada, Australia, and South Africa. A freeway is roughly equivalent to a motorway in the United Kingdom and Ireland and is used to mean limited-access divided-highways with no at-grade intersections, with both terms used interchangeably. An example of this is the Gardiner Expressway The highway is named for the first chair of the now-defunct Metro Council, Frederick G. Gardiner, who championed it, the Don Valley Parkway and Spadina Expressway projects. The six-lane section east of the Humber River was built in segments from 1955 until 1964 by the Metropolitan Toronto government with provincial highway funds. The ten-lane through downtown Toronto. Where the expressway turns into a 6-lane arterial road An arterial road is a moderate or high-capacity road which is immediately below a highway level of service. Much like a biological artery, an arterial road carries large volumes of traffic between areas in urban centres. They are noted for their lack of residential entrances directly onto the road ; they are designed to carry traffic between (Lake Shore Boulevard Lake Shore Boulevard is an east-west arterial road running along most of the waterfront in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Lake Shore Boulevard (along with Kingston Road) was previously designated as Highway 2. Lake Shore is heavily used by commuters as an alternate to the Gardiner Expressway) east of the Don River, there is a sign warning of the end of the expressway. The Macdonald-Cartier Freeway The King's Highway 401 is a highway that extends across Southern Ontario, Canada. It is the longest 400-Series Highway in Ontario, and one of the widest and busiest highways in the world. In fact, the segment of Highway 401 passing through Toronto has the distinction of being North America's busiest freeway. Together with Quebec Autoroute 20, it would be the closest example of a route that uses the term freeway, however, that name is being phased out by the Ministry of Transportation. In general, expressways are municipally maintained, while freeways are provincially maintained.

The E.C. Row Expressway in Windsor, Ontario Windsor is the southernmost city in Canada and is located in Southwestern Ontario at the western end of the heavily populated Quebec City – Windsor Corridor. It is within Essex County, although administratively separated from the county government. Windsor is located south of Detroit, is separated from that city by the Detroit River, and has is a controlled-access divided highway with grade-separated interchanges. It continues until Ojibway Parkway at its western terminus and Banwell Road at its eastern terminus, where there are traffic intersections at both.^[1]

The Veterans Memorial Parkway Veterans Memorial Parkway is a 9.2 km expressway located in London, Ontario. The highway was previously known as Highway 100 from 1977 until 1994. It was also known as Airport Road prior to September 2006. It is currently an at-grade, four-lane expressway in London, Ontario London is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada along the Quebec City – Windsor Corridor with a metropolitan area population of 457,720; the city proper had a population of 352,395 in the 2006 Canadian census. London is the seat of Middlesex County, at the forks of the non-navigable Thames River, approximately halfway between Toronto, Ontario, has intersections instead of interchanges, and thus is not considered a freeway A freeway is a limited access divided highway with grade separated junctions and without traffic lights or stop signs. The term is used in the United States and parts of Canada, Australia, and South Africa. A freeway is roughly equivalent to a motorway in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was designed to be a limited access highway for the city, but a lack of funding forced it to be built with at-grade intersections. Other examples include the Hanlon Parkway in Guelph Guelph is a city located in the Southwestern region of Ontario, Canada. Known as "The Royal City", Guelph is roughly 28 kilometres (17 mi) east of Kitchener-Waterloo and 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of downtown Toronto at the intersection of Highway 6 and Highway 7. It is the seat of Wellington County, but as a separated municipality, the and Regional Road 420 Provincial Highway 420, also known as Highway 420, is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario connecting the Queen Elizabeth Way with downtown Niagara Falls. It continues east as a partial-access freeway numbered Niagara Regional Road 420 to connect with the Rainbow Bridge international crossing in Niagara Falls Niagara Falls is a Canadian city of 83,184 residents on the Niagara River in the Golden Horseshoe region of Southern Ontario. Across the river is Niagara Falls, New York. Niagara Falls Ontario was incorporated on June 12, 1903. The Don Valley Parkway The Don Valley Parkway is a controlled-access six-lane freeway in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, so named because it runs through the heavily forested, scenic Don River Valley in Toronto is technically an expressway.

In other locations, such as Alberta and most of Western Canada, an expressway is a high-speed arterial road along the lines of the California definition, while a freeway has no at-grade intersections.

In Quebec, the term freeway is never used, with the terms expressway (in English) and autoroute (in English and French) being preferred. English terms are rare, and only found on bilingual signage of expressways (abbreviated "expy") found in Montreal around bridges and on the Bonaventure Expressway; these signs are controlled by the federal government.

China

Main article: Expressways of China Chinese expressway, G106 Jingkai Expressway

The Expressway Network of the People's Republic of China is one of the longest in the world. This network is also known as National Trunk Highway System (NTHS). The total length of China's expressways was 60,300 kilometres (37,500 mi) by the end of 2008,^[2][3][4] the world's second longest only after the United States and roughly equal to Canada, Germany, and France combined. In 2008, 6,433 kilometres (3,997 mi) of expressways were added to this network.^[5]

Expressways in China are a fairly recent addition to a complicated network of roads. According to Chinese government sources, China did not any expressways before 1988.^[6] One of the earliest expressways nationwide was the Jingshi Expressway between Beijing and Shijiazhuang in Hebei province. This expressway now forms part of the Jingzhu Expressway, currently one of the longest expressways nationwide at over 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi).

Europe

A road sign used in several European countries, showing the front of a car, indicates that a road allows only motorized vehicles able to achieve a high speed.^[7]

Some expressways are tailored for local traffic, such as the B28 (Vrbovec Expressway), and some are built as bypasses or beltways, such as the D31 (East Velika Gorica Bypass).

France

Main article: Autoroutes of France

The French motorway network or autoroute system consists largely of toll roads, except around large cities and in parts of the north. It is a network totalling 12,000 km (7,450 miles) of motorways operated by private companies such as Sanef (Société des autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France). It has the fourth largest highway network in the world, trailing only the United States, Canada and Germany.

France currently counts 30,500 km of major trunk roads or routes nationales and state-owned motorways. By way of comparison, the routes départementales cover a total distance of 365,000 km. The main trunk road network reflects the centralising tradition of France: the majority of them leave the gates of Paris. Indeed, trunk roads begin on the parvis of Notre-Dame of Paris at Kilometre Zero. To ensure an effective road network, new roads not serving Paris were created.

Germany

Typical section of modern autobahn near an interchange, with overhead direction signs. Main article: German Autobahns

Germany was one of the first nations in the world to engage in the construction of expressways when it built the first Autobahn in 1932 between Cologne and Bonn (today's A 555).^[8] It currently has 12,400 km of expressways.^[9] The Autobahns are the nationally coordinated motorway system in Germany. In German, they are called Bundesautobahn (plural Bundesautobahnen, abbreviated BAB), which translates as federal motorway. German autobahns are sometimes jokingly referred to as "the last refuge of the high-speed drivers", since they have no general speed limit (though about 55% of the total length is subject to local and/or conditional limits), but the maximum recommended speed is 130 km/h (80.8 mph).

Apart from the Autobahn network a number of street sections were upgraded to expressways that are colloquially called "Schnellstraße" (the literal translation of expressway). These German dual carriageway roads however had no legal definition so far and in many respects they share attributes with trunk roads. Nonetheless some of these expressways were upgraded to high-speed motorway standard while still not weaving into its own expressway network.

Poland

Main article: Expressways of Poland

Expressway (singular - droga ekspresowa, plural - drogi ekspresowe) in Poland refers to a network of roads fulfilling the role of bringing traffic to highways, and serving major international and inter-regional purposes. All expressways start with the letter S, followed by a number. They can be dual or single carriageways. As of May 2004 the Polish government documents indicated that the country had plans of an expressway and motorway network totalling 7,200 km (4,470 mi) (including about 2,000 km (1,240 mi) of motorways).^[10]

Russia

Main article: Russian federal highways

Russia has a large federal highway network that totals approximately 30,000 km (18,640 mi).^[11] Federal highways in the country are classified into two categories: "motorways" (Russian: магистральная автомобильная дорога, автомагистраль, not the same as the English term motorway) and "other".

Spain

Main article: List of autopistas and autovías in Spain

Spain has a large motorway with approximately 13,872 km (8,620 mi) of High Capacity Roads^[12] (Sp. Vías de Gran Capacidad) in the country, which consist of approximately 2% of the Spanish road network.^[12] There are two main types of such roads, autopistas and autovías, which historically have differed in the strictness of standards that they are held up to.

United Kingdom

Main article: Roads in the United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, the term expressway which has no official meaning is often used to describe roads which have some of the features of a motorway, such as grade separation and a central reservation, but do not have Motorway Status. They may also lack some features which a motorway would have, such as hard shoulders, and may have tighter bends and steeper gradients than would be allowed on a motorway or have established rights of way that cannot be removed. Therefore, the term Expressway can sometimes be applied to roads with motorway status, such as the A38(M) Aston Expressway.^[13] Other examples of expressways include the A38 Devon Expressway^[14], the A814 Clydeside Expressway.^{[citation needed]} and the Runcorn primary road network, the latter being the result of experimental transportation ideas being tested during the New Town movement in the 1960s and 1970s.^{[citation needed]}

India

The Mumbai-Pune Expressway Main article: Indian Expressways

As of 2006, the Expressways of India accounted for 200 km (120 mi)^[15] of the Indian National Highway System. However, the National Highway System also consists of approximately 10,000 km (6,200 mi) of four-laned highways that do not feature full control of access.^[16][17] Currently, a massive project is underway to expand the highway network and the Government of India plans to add an additional 18,637 km (11,580 mi) of expressways to the network by the year 2022.^[18][19]

Iran

Main article: Expressways in Iran

Iran has approximately 1,429 km of expressways.^[20] The term expressway, is usually used in large urban areas such as Isfahan or Tehran and between other important cities (Usually two province capitals) in rural and desert areas. The speed limit in Urban areas is between 50 and 70 km/h and in rural and desert areas between 90 and 110 km/h.

Japan

Main article: Expressways of Japan Shuto Expressway in Tokyo

Japan has a highly developed network of expressways totalling 8,730 km as of March 2005.^[21]. National expressways (高速自動車国道, Kōsoku Jidōsha Kokudō^?) make up the majority of expressways in Japan. This network boasts an uninterrupted link between Aomori Prefecture at the northern part of Honshū and Kagoshima Prefecture at the southern part of Kyūshū, linking Shikoku as well. Additional expressways serve travellers in Hokkaidō and on Okinawa Island, although those are not connected to the Honshū-Kyūshū-Shikoku grid.

United States

Further information: U.S. highway Further information: Interstate highway Riding a bicycle on the expressway is popular, and legal, in California

In the United States, an expressway is defined by the federal government’s Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices as a divided highway with partial control of access.^[22] In contrast, a freeway is defined as a divided highway with full control of access.^[23] The difference between partial and full access control is that expressways may have a limited number of driveways and at-grade intersections (thus making them a form of high-speed arterial road), while access to freeways is allowed only at grade-separated interchanges. Expressways under this definition do not conform to interstate highway standards (which ban all driveways and at-grade intersections) and are therefore usually numbered as state highways or U.S. highways.

This distinction was first developed in 1949 by the Special Committee on Nomenclature of what is now the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).^[24] In turn, the definitions were incorporated into AASHTO's official standards book, the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, which would become the national standards book of the U.S. Department of Transportation under a 1966 federal statute. The same distinction has also been codified into the statutory law of seven states: California,^[25] Mississippi,^[26] Missouri,^[27] Nebraska,^[28] North Dakota,^[29] Ohio,^[30] and Wisconsin.^[31] However, each state codified the federal distinction slightly differently. California expressways do not necessarily have to be divided, though they must have at least partial access control. For both terms to apply, in Wisconsin, a divided highway must be at least four lanes wide; in Missouri, both terms apply only to divided highways at least 10 miles long that are not part of the Interstate Highway System. In North Dakota and Mississippi, an expressway may have "full or partial" access control and "generally" has grade separations at intersections; a freeway is then defined as an expressway with full access control. Ohio's statute is similar, but instead of the vague word "generally," it imposes a requirement that 50% of an expressway's intersections must be grade-separated for the term to apply.

However, many states around the Great Lakes region and along the Eastern Seaboard have refused to conform their terminology to the federal definition. The following states officially prefer the term expressway instead of freeway to describe what are technically freeways in federal parlance: Connecticut,^[32] Florida,^[33] Illinois,^[34] Maryland,^[35] and West Virginia.^[36] In those states, it is common to find Interstate highways which bear the name “expressway.” Minnesota officially uses "freeway" and "expressway" interchangeably (with both defined as what federal officials call freeways).^[37]

Most expressways under the federal definition have speed limits of 45-55 mph (70–90 km/h) in urban areas and 55-70 mph (90-110 km/h) in rural areas. Urban expressways are usually free of private driveways, but occasional exceptions include direct driveways to gas stations and shopping centers at major intersections (which would never be allowed on a true freeway).

The vast majority of expressways are built by state governments, or by private companies which then operate them as toll roads pursuant to a license from the state government.

A famous example of a local government getting into the expressway business is Santa Clara County in California, which deliberately built its own expressway system in the 1960s to supplement the freeway system then planned by Caltrans. Although the county planned to upgrade the expressways into full-fledged freeways, such a project became politically infeasible after the rise of the tax revolt movement in the mid-1970s.

See also

• Limited-access road
• Supercorridor

References

1. ^ The end points can be viewed using Google Earth 42°16′27″N 83°04′43″W / 42.2741°N 83.0786°W, 42°18′05″N 82°53′56″W / 42.3014°N 82.8989°W
2. ^ [1]
3. ^ Chinese highways & Expressways ( 中国高速 ) - Page 2 - SkyscraperCity
4. ^ DEVELOPMENT GATEWAY_ Expressways Being Built at Frenetic Pace
5. ^ http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2009-01/16/content_7403145.htm
6. ^ MacLeod, Calum (2006-01-29). "China's highways go the distance". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2006-01-29-china-roads_x.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
7. ^ Austrian State Route Law
8. ^ German Myth 8 Hitler and the Autobahn German.about.com
9. ^ [2]
10. ^ Dz.U. 2004 nr 128 poz. 1334(Polish)
11. ^ "CIA - The World Factbook -- Russia". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rs.html.
12. ^ ^{a b} "CIA - The World Factbook -- Spain". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sp.html.
13. ^ http://www.cbrd.co.uk/motorway/a38m/
14. ^ http://www.cbrd.co.uk/motorway/a38-devon/
15. ^ CIA World Factbook, India
16. ^ "North South East West MAP". National Highways Authority of India. http://www.nhai.org/Nsew_english.htm.
17. ^ "NHAI - Golden Quadrilateral". National Highways Authority of India. http://www.nhai.org/goldenquadrilateral.asp.
18. ^ Dipak Kumar Dash. "By 2022, govt to lay 18,637km of expressways". Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/5259102.cms.
19. ^ Ashutosh Kumar. "Expressway cost pegged at Rs20 crore/km". Daily News and Analysis. DNA. http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_expressway-cost-pegged-at-rs20-crore-km_1381235.
20. ^ "CIA - The World Factbook -- Iran". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html.
21. ^ Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. "Roads in Japan - Arterial High-standard Highways". http://www.mlit.go.jp/road/road_e/contents03/3-1-1.html. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
22. ^ Section 1A.13, Paragraph 27, Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 2003 ed., rev. 1.[3]
23. ^ Section 1A.13, Paragraph 29, Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 2003 ed., rev. 1.[4] See also 23 CFR 750.153(k).
24. ^ American Association of State Highway Officials, AASHO Highway Definitions (Washington D.C., American Association of State Highway Officials, 1962), 1-3.
25. ^ Cal. Sts. & High. Code § 257.
26. ^ Miss. Code Ann., § 65-5-3, subds. (b) and (c).
27. ^ Mo. Rev. Stat., § 304.010.
28. ^ Neb. Rev. Stat., §§ 60-618.01 and 60-621.
29. ^ N.D. Cent. Code, § 24-01-01.1 (2006).
30. ^ Ohio Rev. Code Ann., § 4511.01, subds. (YY) and (ZZ).
31. ^ Wis. Stat., §§ 59.84(1)(b) and 346.57(1)(am).
32. ^ Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-20(a).
33. ^ Fla. Stat. § 348.0002(8).
34. ^ 625 Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/1-119.3.
35. ^ Md. Transp. Code Ann. § 8-620(c).
36. ^ W. Va. Code § 17-4-2(a).
37. ^ Minn. Stat. § 160.02, subd. 19.

External links

• http://www.expresswaysite.com/

Roads and junctions Types of road High-speed Access via interchanges Autobahn · Autocesta · Autopista · Autostrada · Autostrasse · Auto-estrada · Freeway · Motorway · HQDC Other access Arterial road · Collector/distributor road · Distributor road · Dual carriageway/divided highway · Express-collector setup · Expressway · Farm-to-market road · Highway · Link road · Parkway · Super two · Two-lane expressway · 2+1 road · 2+2 road · Bundesstraße Low-speed Standard Boulevard · Business route · Frontage road · Regional road · Road · Single carriageway · Street · Kreisstraße Low traffic Alley · Backroad · Cul-de-sac · Driveway · Lane · Primitive road · Range road Other Concurrency · Concession road · Private highway · Special route · Toll road Surfaces Asphalt concrete · Brick · Chipseal · Cobblestone · Concrete · Corduroy · Dirt · Gravel · Ice · Macadam · Oiled (bitumen) · Plank · Tarmac List of road types by features Road junctions Interchanges (grade-separated) Cloverleaf · Diamond · Directional T · Diverging diamond · Parclo · Trumpet · SPUI · Stack · Three-level diamond · Raindrop · Roundabout interchange Intersections (at-grade) Box junction · Continuous flow · Hook turn · Jughandle · Michigan left · Quadrant roadway · Roundabout · Superstreet · 3-way junction · Traffic circle · Bowtie

Categories: Expressways | Limited-access roads | Types of roads

 

 

See Also:

• Expressway: Encyclopedia
• Two-lane Expressway: Encyclopedia

 

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